The Importance of Water and Proper Hydration

The First Lady has announced her new social campaign and is taking alot of heat for the simplicity of it.  While I do not agree with many of her ideals, I can give her a nod of approval on this one.  

For as simple as the concept sounds, it is a fact that most people DON'T drink enough water through the day. For many people, sufficient water intake can be one of the most important steps to improving their health and well-being.

Soda pop, coffee, juice, sports drinks just aren't the same.

So with this in mind I have dug through my archives to find an article which I wrote several years ago for a rodeo magazine when I was more active in the circuit caring for the participants.  The article is written specifically for the rodeo athlete but has valid points and information for all walks of life.

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Water and Your Physical Endurance.                           

By Dr. Russell Heller

As a competitor in the rodeo and rough stock sports, like any athlete, you constantly strive to maintain your endurance and top performance.

Water, and maintaining proper hydration, are an important step in doing this.  Anyone who has ever competed in the Midwest and southern climates during the summer and early autumn months can attest to the difficulty of maintaining body fluid levels (hydration) and avoiding dehydration.  

Most of us have come to take the sign of the dry mouth as a signal that the body needs water, at its also assumed that fluid levels are well regulated yet the symptoms of dry mouth are not noticed.  Dry mouth, however is one of the last outward signs of extreme dehydration.  Other signs to watch for are: persistent/recurring heartburn, stomach ache, headache and mental irritation.  Dehydration over a long period of time can lead to: recurring and/or chronic pain, low back pain and water retention (believe it or not).

                          

Water, for as simple as it is, is a very important part of us.  It makes up about 60% of the young males weight and 50% of a females.  Two-thirds of this water is found in our blood cells the rest is outside the cells and includes the plasma of the blood.  Proper hydration is important in regulating body temperature energy metabolism and cardiovascular stress.  Therefore, it has a vital role in maintaining athletic & physical performance.

So the question to answer is, How do we avoid dehydration?

·      Drink before you feel thirsty.  We must remember that the thirst mechanism is too inefficient and slow for proper hydration purposes.  By the time your body senses the need for water to maintain mineral balance, dehydration has already started.  An estimated proper level of water intake can be calculated at 50-75% of your body weight in ounces.  50% for sedentary people, 75% for active people.  Example:  An active 150 lb. person would require 112.5 oz of water per day (75% of body wt. in oz.)   Divide this by the number of hours you're awake to find your hourly water requirement; 112¸16= 7 oz./hr awake.     **During strenuous work an additional 16 oz. per day should be consumed plus an additional 16 oz. per day in dry climates.

·      Avoid caffeine.  While caffeine does have some properties that can enhance athletic performance, it also acts as a diuretic, causing your body to get rid of fluid instead of retain it.

·      Avoid high calorie drinks like sodas.  Even though they do contain large amounts of water, the large amounts of sugar in these drinks make the water more slowly absorbed.  Also many sodas contain caffeine.  Sports Drinks offer little benefit over water during the first 90 minutes of heavy activity,  after 90 minutes of strenuous activity they can facilitate the replacement of minerals and sugars.

·      Avoid regular use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID's) such as aspirin, ibuprophen, acetaminophen, etc.  Under tough conditions the kidney's need to function at 100%.  These drugs interfere with kidney function and can cause an excess loss of minerals in the urine and upset the electrolyte balance of the body which can be quite serious.

·      Avoid taking just water.  Especially during periods of heavy, extended labor.  To avoid diluting the mineral and electrolyte balances of the body we also need to replace the sodium lost through perspiration and glucose loss through physical activity.  Along with water, it's a good idea to snack on salty, high carbohydrate foods such as pretzels, snack crackers, tortilla chips, etc.

These recommendations can help prevent and avoid dehydration, heat exhaustion and heat stroke during the intense heat of the summer while competing; however, these points should also be kept in mind when working long hours, outdoors in the summer.  

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Enjoy the outdoors, enjoy your activities and be safe.

Yours for better health,

Dr. Heller

Another Good Reason To Avoid Refined Carbohydrates

When watching our weight we can often joke about being "addicted" to sweets, cakes and pastries.  It turns out, that comment may not be as far from the truth as you may have thought.

A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and reported in Medscape.com finds that the consumption of refined carbohydrates increases the blood flow to the area of the brain that relates to addictions and can literally alter the activity of the brain.

This also helps explain why fast food and soft drink industry finds the addition of sugar to their products so profitable.

Refined Carbs May Trigger Food Addiction

Kathleen Louden

www.medscape.com    Jul 02, 2013

Consumption of a meal that has a high glycemic index (GI) appears to stimulate key brain regions related to craving and reward, a finding that supports the controversial hypothesis of food addiction, new research suggests.

Investigators from Boston Children's Hospital in Massachusetts found that compared with consumption of a low-GI meal, a meal high in refined carbohydrates decreased plasma glucose, increased hunger, and selectively stimulated brain regions 4 hours after eating — a critical time point that influences eating behavior at the next meal.

"We think we have shown for the first time that refined carbohydrates' biological effects can provoke, independent of calories and tastiness, symptoms related to addiction in susceptible people — those who are overweight or obese," said the study's principal investigator, David Ludwig, MD, from Boston Children's Hospital.

Dr. Ludwig, director of the hospital's New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, told Medscape Medical News that his team's preliminary findings support "the notion of food addiction [which] is very controversial because, unlike drugs of addiction, we have to eat to survive."

Craving Carbs
 
He said the randomized, blinded, crossover study in 12 overweight or obese men had several strengths over previous studies whose findings also suggested that certain tasty foods might be addictive.

"Prior studies, best described as observational, tended to compare vastly different foods, such as cheesecake and boiled vegetables," he said.
 
In the new study, participants aged 18 to 35 years consumed, in a randomized order on test days 2 to 8 weeks apart, 2 test milkshakes that had similar ingredients, calories (500 kcal), appearance, taste, and smell.
Participants were not aware which was the low-GI meal (37%) with slow-acting carbohydrate and which was the high-GI meal (84%) with fast-acting carbohydrate, and they reported no preference for either meal.
Additionally, the investigators monitored participants 4 hours after the meal, when the individuals likely would be considering what to eat at their next meal. At that time, participants underwent a final blood glucose test and neuroimaging, and rated their hunger levels.

After eating the high-GI meal, participants initially had a surge in blood glucose level that was 2.4-fold higher than after the low-GI meal, followed by a crash in blood glucose at 4 hours, the authors reported. They also reported excessive hunger 4 hours after the high-GI meal, Dr. Ludwig said.

The investigators looked directly at participants' cerebral blood flow, as a measure of resting brain activity, using arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which allowed them to examine persistent effects of test meals.

"Every single subject showed intense activation in the nucleus accumbens, the area of the brain related to addiction," he said.

The results show that highly processed carbohydrates, such as white bread, potatoes, and concentrated sugar, "alter brain activity in ways that make us crave them even more," he said.

Clear Take-Home Message
 
Dr. Ludwig stated that the study must be repeated in larger numbers of persons, in a more diverse population, and before and after weight gain. Yet he said that the initial results send a clear take-home message: "Avoiding highly processed carbohydrates could help overweight people avoid overeating."

Mark Gold, MD, a longtime researcher in the area of food and addiction, from the McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, said it is important that clinical research tests the food addiction hypothesis first generated by laboratory researchers.

Asked by Medscape Medical News to comment on the findings, Dr. Gold, who was not involved with the study, said that the brain imaging test the researchers used "is exceptional and provides additional strong evidence that manufactured foods, sugar, and fats can interact with the brain and systems that [also] are hijacked by drugs of abuse."

"Hedonic overeating...makes more sense with clinical research like this," Dr. Gold, who is professor and chair of psychiatry at UF College of Medicine, concluded.

This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Center for Research Resources, Bethesda, Maryland; the Pediatric Endocrine Society, McLean, Virginia; the Endocrine Fellows Foundation, Washington, DC; and the New Balance Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Ludwig and Dr. Gold have reported no relevant financial relationships.
Am J Clin Nutr. Published online June 26, 2013. Abstract

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So, beware of snacks and drinks high in sugar and refined carbohydrates.

For your better health,

Dr. Heller

Beating Holiday Stress

It's a stressful time of year. In addition to performing the duties associated with all of your other responsibilities, you have added responsibilities that the holidays require. Where are we celebrating? Who will be there? What do I have to do/bring? Is my shopping done? Do I have enough money for gifts? Will the children be happy? This time of year can really pack on the stress!


How do you deal with that kind of stress? Well...you should put some of the focus on yourself and do something you really enjoy this time of year.

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Beware of Soda Consumption

According to the National Soft Drink Association (NSDA), consumption of soft drinks is now over 600 12-ounce servings (12 oz.) per person per year. Since the late 1970`s the soft drink consumption in the United States has doubled for females and tripled for males. The group with highest consumption is males between the ages of 12 - 29; they average 1/2 gallon a day or 160 gallons a year.

 Doctors, nutritionists and health clinics urge us to take control of our soft drink consumption to improve our health. It is highly recommended that each of us drink 6-8 glasses of water each day to keep your body well hydrated. Proper hydration of internal organs enables them to function properly, removing waste and toxins from the body. Hydration of the skin keeps it with good elasticity and will help keep you looking younger longer. Water is the best way to quench your thirst and keeping your body healthy.

 The graphic below shows the numerous negative impacts of soft drinks on the body.  If you have difficulty reading the graphic simply hold down the "ctrl" key and tap the "+" key" to zoom in.